Microplastics suspended in dust from different indoor environments in Barranquilla, Colombia: Predominant microparticles?

Considering that microplastics (MPs) are classified as ubiquitous pollutants, that air quality affects human health, and that people remain indoors most of the time, the need has arisen to evaluate the exposure to MPs within the suspended dust in indoor environments. With this objective, the present study carried out passive sampling to analyze the precipitation of microparticles in some indoor residential environments (2 apartments) and workplaces (an office, a pastry shop, a gift shop, and a paint shop) in Barranquilla, Colombia. The quantification and physical characterization of microparticles were carried out under a stereomicroscope, and the chemical characterization was carried out by infrared microspectroscopy (µFTIR). The highest average concentration of MPs in the apartments was found in the air-conditioned rooms (1.1 × 104 MP/m2/day), and concerning the workplaces, the gift shop and the paint shop were the spaces with a higher proportion of MPs (6.0-6.1 × 103 MP/m2/day), with polyesters being the main synthetic polymers, but being semi-synthetic particles the predominant among the samples. Regarding its morphology, fibers were the most abundant shape (>90%), grouping mainly in the 1000-5000 µm range, while the few fragments found were mostly grouped below 50 µm. Exposure by inhalation of MPs in adults was estimated between 1.7 × 102-1.6 × 103 MP/kg/day, while by ingestion it ranged between 2.7 × 102-2.4 × 103 MPs/kg/day. On the other hand, within our research, a significant presence of non-plastic microparticles was found, which reached up to 69% in analyzed samples, corresponding mainly to cotton and cellulose, so we suggest that these should also be included in future studies that aim to estimate potential health implications from exposure to suspended micropollutants.

PGI1-mediated vascular oxidative pentose phosphate pathway modulates photosynthesis via long-distance cytokinin signaling.

In Arabidopsis, the plastidial isoform of phosphoglucose isomerase, PGI1, mediates growth and photosynthesis, likely due to its involvement in the vascular production of cytokinins (CK). To examine this hypothesis, we characterized pgi1-2 knockout plants impaired in PGI1 and pgi1-2 plants specifically expressing PGI1 in root tips and vascular tissues. Moreover, to investigate whether the phenotype of pgi1-2 plants is due to impairments in the plastidial oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP) or the glycolytic pathway, we characterized pgl3-1 plants with reduced OPPP and pfk4pfk5 knockout plants impaired in plastidial glycolysis. Compared with wild-type (WT) leaves, pgi1-2 leaves exhibited weaker expression of photosynthesis- and 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-P (MEP) pathway-related proteins, and stronger expression of oxidative stress protection-related enzymes. Consistently, pgi1-2 leaves accumulated lower levels of chlorophyll, and higher levels of tocopherols, flavonols and anthocyanins than the WT. Vascular- and root tip-specific PGI1 expression countered the reduced photosynthesis, low MEP pathway-derived CK content, dwarf phenotype and the metabolic characteristics of pgi1-2 plants, reverting them to WT-like levels. Moreover, pgl3-1, but not pfk4pfk5 plants phenocopied pgi1-2. Histochemical analyses of plants expressing GUS under the control of promoter regions of genes encoding plastidial OPPP enzymes exhibited strong GUS activity in root tips and vascular tissues. Overall, our findings show that root tip and vascular PGI1-mediated plastidial OPPP activity affects photosynthesis and growth through mechanisms involving long-distance modulation of the leaf proteome by MEP pathway-derived CKs.

Targeting with Structural Analogs of Natural Products the Purine Salvage Pathway in Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum by Computer-Aided Drug-Design Approaches.

Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) has a high death rate, with 500,000 new cases and 50,000 deaths occurring annually. Despite the development of novel strategies and technologies, there is no adequate treatment for the disease. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find structural analogs of natural products as potential novel drugs to treat VL. We selected structural analogs from natural products that have shown antileishmanial activities, and that may impede the purine salvage pathway using computer-aided drug-design (CADD) approaches. For these, we started with the vastly studied target in the pathway, the adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (APRT) protein, which alone is non-essential for the survival of the parasite. Keeping this in mind, we search for a substance that can bind to multiple targets throughout the pathway. Computational techniques were used to study the purine salvage pathway from Leishmania infantum, and molecular dynamic simulations were used to gather information on the interactions between ligands and proteins. Because of its low homology to human proteins and its essential role in the purine salvage pathway proteins network interaction, the findings further highlight the significance of adenylosuccinate lyase protein (ADL) as a therapeutic target. An analog of the alkaloid Skimmianine, N,N-diethyl-4-methoxy-1-benzofuran-6-carboxamide, demonstrated a good binding affinity to APRT and ADL targets, no expected toxicity, and potential for oral route administration. This study indicates that the compound may have antileishmanial activity, which was granted in vitro and in vivo experiments to settle this finding in the future.

Elucidating the Temporal Patterns of Gene Expression in the Inferred Regulatory Interactions of GmCOL1b in Glycine max.

The CONSTANS ( CO ) gene in Arabidopsis thaliana has a central role in photoperiodic regulation of flowering. However, the roles of CO genes in mediating flowering in soybeans ( Glycine max ) remain uncertain. We previously inferred regulatory interactions of a soybean CO homolog, GmCOL1b , using in-house RNA-seq data and the network inference algorithm package CausNet. Here, we identify potential GmCOL1b downstream genes and experimentally verify them by expressing GmCOL1b in soybean protoplast cells. Temporal expression patterns of these genes indicate the regulatory effects of GmCOL1b on the expression of the circadian clock genes GmLCL1 and GmLCL4 and the flowering regulator GmTEM1a .

Efectos de las intervenciones basadas en mindfulness sobre el estrés laboral en agentes de policía: revisión sistemática / Effects of mindfulness-based interventions on occupational stress in police officers: a systematic review

Objetivo: Describir los efectos de las intervenciones basadas en mindfulness sobre el estrés laboral en agentes de policía. Material y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática basada en la literatura publicada desde el 2014 hasta diciembre de 2021. Se evaluó la calidad mediante el cuestionario CONSORT y TREND y el nivel de evidencia y grado de recomendación mediante la herramienta SIGN. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 80 referencias que al aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión dieron como resultado 10 estudios. 7 estudios encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los niveles de estrés tras las intervenciones del mindfulness. Conclusiones: Los resultados demuestran la eficacia de las intervenciones basadas en mindfulness sobre la disminución del estrés laboral en agentes de policía. Estas intervenciones confieren además beneficios como la mejoría de la calidad de sueño y la disminución del consumo de alcohol (AU)

Objective: To describe the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions on occupational stress in police officers. Material and Methods: A systematic review was carried out based on the literature published from 2014 to december 2021. Quality was assessed using the CONSORT and TREND questionnaires and the level of evidence and degree of recommendation using the SIGN tool. Results: 80 references were identified and 10 studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. 7 studies reported statistically significant differences in stress levels after the mindfulness intervention. Conclusions: The results of this systematic review demonstrate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions in reducing occupational stress in police officers. These interventions also confer protective benefits such as improved sleep quality and decreased alcohol consumption (AU)

Clarifying the Temporal Dynamics of the Circadian Clock and Flowering Gene Network Using Overexpression and Targeted Mutagenesis of Soybean EARLY FLOWERING 3-1 ( GmELF3-1 ).

With progressing climate fluctuations, an understanding of the molecular mechanisms of crop plants that regulate their flowering responses to environments is crucial. To achieve this goal, we aimed at clarifying the gene regulatory networks among the circadian clock and flowering genes in soybean ( Glycine max ). Based on our network inference approach , we hypothesize that GmELF3-1 , one of the Evening Complex (EC) gene homologs in soybean's circadian clock, may have an integrative role in transcriptional regulation of the circadian clock and flowering gene network. In this study, we verify GmELF3-1 ' s regulatory roles in its potential downstream genes by modulating the activity of GmELF3-1 using overexpression and CRISPR-Cas9 in soybean protoplasts. Our results indicate that GmELF3-1 may control the expression of the PRR genes in the circadian clock and the flowering gene GmCOL1a .

Patient and public involvement to inform priorities and practice for research using existing healthcare data for children's and young people's cancers.

BACKGROUND: In the United Kingdom, healthcare data is collected on all patients receiving National Health Service (NHS) care, including children and young people (CYP) with cancer. This data is used to inform service delivery, and with special permissions used for research. The use of routinely collected health data in research is an advancing field with huge potential benefit, particularly in CYP with cancer where case numbers are small and the impact across the life course can be significant. Patient and public involvement (PPI) exercise aims: Identify current barriers to trust relating to the use of healthcare data for research. Determine ways to increase public and patient confidence in the use of healthcare data in research. Define areas of research importance to CYP and their carers using healthcare data. METHODS: Young people currently aged between 16 and 25 years who had a cancer diagnosis before the age of 20 years and carers of a young person with cancer were invited to take part via social media and existing networks of service users. Data was collected during two interactive online workshops totalling 5 h and comprising of presentations from health data experts, case-studies and group discussions. With participant consent the workshops were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: Ten young people and six carers attended workshop one. Four young people and four carers returned for workshop two. Lack of awareness of how data is used, and negative media reporting were seen as the main causes of mistrust. Better communication and education on how data is used were felt to be important to improving public confidence. Participants want the ability to have control over their own data use. Late effects, social and education outcomes and research on rare tumours were described as key research priorities for data use. CONCLUSIONS: In order to improve public and patient trust in our use of data for research, we need to improve communication about how data is used and the benefits that arise.

Everyday data is collected on all patients treated within the National Health Service, including children and young people with cancer (CYP). This data is used routinely to improve how services are run and with special permissions, can also be used for research. Negative reporting in the media about this use of data can lead to mistrust and some people choosing not to share their data. This can reduce the quality and accuracy of research looking at rare diseases or populations with small numbers. In addition, many barriers exist to researchers when trying to access this data such as laws around data sharing, making it difficult and sometimes impossible to carry out such research. We invited CYP and carers to two workshops to: Learn about how healthcar e data is used for research. Consider ways to increase public and patient confidence in this use of healthcare data. Describe areas of research importance to CYP and their carers using healthcare data. Ten young people and six carers attended the first workshop. Four young people and four carers returned for workshop two. Workshops consisted of interactive presentations, case studies and group discussions. Overall participants felt that lack of awareness and negative media reporting led to mistrust in data use for research. It was believed that greater education about how the data is used, including positive examples of the benefits of the research, was needed to improve public confidence. Key research priorities for data use included late-effects, social and educational outcomes and rare tumours.

PeruNPDB: the Peruvian Natural Products Database for in silico drug screening.

Since the number of drugs based on natural products (NPs) represents a large source of novel pharmacological entities, NPs have acquired significance in drug discovery. Peru is considered a megadiverse country with many endemic species of plants, terrestrial, and marine animals, and microorganisms. NPs databases have a major impact on drug discovery development. For this reason, several countries such as Mexico, Brazil, India, and China have initiatives to assemble and maintain NPs databases that are representative of their diversity and ethnopharmacological usage. We describe the assembly, curation, and chemoinformatic evaluation of the content and coverage in chemical space, as well as the physicochemical attributes and chemical diversity of the initial version of the Peruvian Natural Products Database (PeruNPDB), which contains 280 natural products. Access to PeruNPDB is available for free ( https://perunpdb.com.pe/ ). The PeruNPDB's collection is intended to be used in a variety of tasks, such as virtual screening campaigns against various disease targets or biological endpoints. This emphasizes the significance of biodiversity protection both directly and indirectly on human health.

Atmospheric microplastics: exposure, toxicity, and detrimental health effects.

Microplastics (MPs) are micro-particulate pollutants present in all environments whose ubiquity leads humans to unavoidable exposure. Due to low density, MPs also accumulate in the atmosphere, where they are easily transported worldwide and come into direct contact with the human body by inhalation or ingestion, causing detrimental health effects. This literature review presents the sources of atmospheric MPs pollution, transport routes, physicochemical characteristics, and environmental interactions. The document also explains the implications for human health and analyzes the risk of exposure based on the potential toxicity and the concentration in the atmosphere. MPs' toxicity lies in their physical characteristics, chemical composition, environmental interactions, and degree of aging. The abundance and concentration of these microparticles are associated with nearby production sources and their displacement in the atmosphere. The above elements are presented in an integrated way to facilitate a better understanding of the associated risk. The investigation results encourage the development of future research that delves into the health implications of exposure to airborne MPs and raises awareness of the risks of current plastic pollution to promote the establishment of relevant mitigation policies and procedures.

Ectopic expression of the AtCDF1 transcription factor in potato enhances tuber starch and amino acid contents and yield under open field conditions.

Introduction: Cycling Dof transcription factors (CDFs) have been involved in different aspects of plant growth and development. In Arabidopsis and tomato, one member of this family (CDF1) has recently been associated with the regulation of primary metabolism and abiotic stress responses, but their roles in crop production under open field conditions remain unknown. Methods: In this study, we compared the growth, and tuber yield and composition of plants ectopically expressing the CDF1 gene from Arabidopsis under the control of the 35S promoter with wild-type (WT) potato plants cultured in growth chamber and open field conditions. Results: In growth chambers, the 35S::AtCDF1 plants showed a greater tuber yield than the WT by increasing the biomass partition for tuber development. Under field conditions, the ectopic expression of CDF1 also promoted the sink strength of the tubers, since 35S::AtCDF1 plants exhibited significant increases in tuber size and weight resulting in higher tuber yield. A metabolomic analysis revealed that tubers of 35S::AtCDF1 plants cultured under open field conditions accumulated higher levels of glucose, starch and amino acids than WT tubers. A comparative proteomic analysis of tubers of 35S::AtCDF1 and WT plants cultured under open field conditions revealed that these changes can be accounted for changes in the expression of proteins involved in energy production and different aspects of C and N metabolism. Discussion: The results from this study advance our collective understanding of the role of CDFs and are of great interest for the purposes of improving the yield and breeding of crop plants.

Precisión diagnóstica de la mamografía con contraste vs RM en la valoración de la respuesta del cáncer de mama tratado con quimioterapia neoadyuvante / Diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced mammography vs MRI in evaluating the response of breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Introducción: la resonancia magnética es el método diagnóstico más preciso en la evaluación de la enfermedad residual en el cáncer de mama tratado con quimioterapia neoadyuvante. La mamografía con contraste puede ser una alternativa eficaz a la resonancia en la evaluación de tumor residual. Esta técnica disminuiría los costes significativamente, mejoraría el flujo de pacientes y apenas tiene contraindicaciones. Métodos: hemos realizado un estudio observacional y prospectivo en 43 pacientes con cáncer de mama tratadas con quimioterapia neoadyuvante. El estudio prequirúrgico incluyó tanto la mamografía con inyección de contraste como la resonancia magnética. Se correlacionó el tamaño tumoral residual por imagen con el estudio anatomopatológico posquirúrgico. Resultados: la MC presenta un coeficiente de correlación interclase superior al de la RM (0,9 vs. 0,7). Los valores de sensibilidad y especificidad de la MC (83,9 y 83,3%) son altos y equiparables a los de la RM (74,2 y 91,6%). Además, el valor predictivo negativo de la MC es mayor que el de la RM (66,7 vs. 57,9%) y VPP es muy similar (92,9 vs. 95,8%). Conclusión: la mamografía con contraste es una prueba equiparable a la resonancia magnética para la evaluación de la respuesta tumoral posneoadyuvancia en las pacientes con cáncer de mama. También es una prueba válida para la visualización de lesiones adicionales en la misma mama o en la contralateral. (AU)

Introduction: Magnetic resonance imaging is the most accurate diagnostic method for evaluating residual disease in breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Contrast-enhanced mammography can be an effective alternative to MRI in the evaluation of residual tumor. This technique would significantly reduce costs, improve patient flow and hardly has any contraindications. Methods: We have carried out an observational and prospective study in 43 patients with breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The pre-surgical study included both mammography with contrast injection and magnetic resonance imaging. Residual tumor size by imaging was correlated with the postoperative pathology study. Results: The CM presents a higher interclass correlation coefficient than the RM (0.9 vs. 0.7). The sensitivity and specificity values of CM (83.9% and 83.3%) are high and comparable to those of MRI (74.2% and 91.6%). Furthermore, the negative predictive value of CM is greater than that of MRI (66.7% vs 57.9%) and PPV is very similar (92.9% vs 95.8%). Conclusion: Contrast-enhanced mammography is a test comparable to magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of post-neoadjuvant tumor response in patients with breast cancer. It is also a valid test in visualizing additional lesions in the same or contralateral breast. (AU)

Glucose-6-P/phosphate translocator2 mediates the phosphoglucose-isomerase1-independent response to microbial volatiles.

In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the plastidial isoform of phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI1) mediates photosynthesis, metabolism, and development, probably due to its involvement in the synthesis of isoprenoid-derived signals in vascular tissues. Microbial volatile compounds (VCs) with molecular masses of <45 Da promote photosynthesis, growth, and starch overaccumulation in leaves through PGI1-independent mechanisms. Exposure to these compounds in leaves enhances the levels of GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE/PHOSPHATE TRANSLOCATOR2 (GPT2) transcripts. We hypothesized that the PGI1-independent response to microbial volatile emissions involves GPT2 action. To test this hypothesis, we characterized the responses of wild-type (WT), GPT2-null gpt2-1, PGI1-null pgi1-2, and pgi1-2gpt2-1 plants to small fungal VCs. In addition, we characterized the responses of pgi1-2gpt2-1 plants expressing GPT2 under the control of a vascular tissue- and root tip-specific promoter to small fungal VCs. Fungal VCs promoted increases in growth, starch content, and photosynthesis in WT and gpt2-1 plants. These changes were substantially weaker in VC-exposed pgi1-2gpt2-1 plants but reverted to WT levels with vascular and root tip-specific GPT2 expression. Proteomic analyses did not detect enhanced levels of GPT2 protein in VC-exposed leaves and showed that knocking out GPT2 reduced the expression of photosynthesis-related proteins in pgi1-2 plants. Histochemical analyses of GUS activity in plants expressing GPT2-GUS under the control of the GPT2 promoter showed that GPT2 is mainly expressed in root tips and vascular tissues around hydathodes. Overall, the data indicated that the PGI1-independent response to microbial VCs involves resetting of the photosynthesis-related proteome in leaves through long-distance GPT2 action.

Factors Associated with Colorectal Cancer Screening in Spain: Results of the 2017 National Health Survey.

This study aimed to determine the CRC screening coverage of people aged between 50 and 69 years who were living in Spain in 2017 and describe the factors associated with not having had a faecal occult blood test (FOBT). A cross-sectional study was performed using data from the Spanish National Health Survey 2017. We analysed 7568 individuals between the ages of 50 and 69 years. The proportion of respondents between 50 and 69 years old who had had an FOBT was 29.0% (n = 2191). The three autonomous communities with the lowest proportion of respondents who had had an FOBT were Extremadura (8.7%, n = 16), Ceuta-Melilla (10.4%, n = 3), and Andalucia (14.1%, n = 186). The variables associated with not having had an FOBT were being 50-54 years old (PR = 1.09; 95% CI 1.04-1.14), having been born outside of Spain (PR = 1.11; 95% CI 1.06-1.16), not having been vaccinated against the flu (PR = 1.09; 95% CI 1.04-1.15), never having had a colonoscopy (PR = 1.49; 95% CI 1.40-1.59), not having had an ultrasound scan in the last year (PR = 1.09; 95% CI 1.04-1.14), and not having seen a primary care physician in the last month (PR = 1.08; 95% CI 1.04-1.12). The factors associated with not getting an FOBT were young age, having been born outside of Spain, not having been vaccinated against the flu in the last campaign, and not making frequent use of healthcare services.

Short-Term Pilot Study to Evaluate the Impact of Salbi Educa Nutrition App in Macronutrients Intake and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Promoting a healthy diet is a relevant strategy for preventing non-communicable diseases. This study aims to evaluate the impact of an innovative tool, the SAlBi educa nutrition app, in primary healthcare dietary counseling to improve dietary profiles as well as adherence to the Mediterranean diet. A multi-center randomized control trial comprising 104 participants was performed. Both control (n = 49) and intervention (n = 55) groups attended four once-weekly sessions focusing on healthy eating habits and physical activity, over one month. As well as attending the meetings, the intervention group used the app, which provides self-monitoring and tailored dietary advice based on the Mediterranean diet model. In a second intervention (one arm trial), the potential of SAlBi educa was evaluated for three months during the COVID-19 pandemic. At 4 weeks, the intervention group had significantly increased their carbohydrate intake (7.7% (95% CI: 0.16 to 15.2)) and decreased their total fat intake (-5.7% (95% CI: -10.4 to -1.15)) compared to the control group. Significant differences were also found for carbohydrates (3.5% (95% CI: -1.0 to 5.8)), total fats (-5.9% (95% CI: -8.9 to -3.0)), fruits and vegetables (266.3 g/day (95% CI: 130.0 to 402.6)), legumes (7.7g/day (95% CI: 0.2 to 15.1)), starchy foods (36.4 g/day (95% CI: 1.1 to 71.7)), red meat (-17.5 g/day (95% CI: -34.0 to -1.1)), and processed meat (-6.6 g/day (95% CI: -13.1 to -0.1)) intakes during the COVID-19 pandemic. SAlBi educa is a useful tool to support nutrition counseling in primary healthcare, including in special situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Trial registration: ISRCTN57186362.

SAlBi educa (Tailored Nutrition App for Improving Dietary Habits): Initial Evaluation of Usability.

In recent years, the use of applications to improve dietary habits has increased. Although numerous nutrition apps are available on the market, only few have been developed by health and nutrition professionals based on scientific evidence and subsequently tested to prove their usability. The main objective of this study was to design, develop, and evaluate the usability of a tailored nutrition application to be used to promote healthy eating habits. In order to decide app design and content, three focus groups took place with fifteen professionals from primary healthcare, nutrition, and food science and computer science, as well as expert users. For the general and feedback message design, a reference model based on the scientific literature was developed. To address the multi-perspective approach of users' and external healthcare professionals' feedback, a one-day pilot testing with potential users and healthcare professionals was conducted with four focus groups. To evaluate the relevance and potential usability of the app a 1-month pilot test was conducted in a real-life environment. A total of 42 volunteers participated in the one-day pilot testing, and 39 potential users participated in the 1-month pilot test. The SAlBi educa app developed includes an online dietary record, a self-monitoring tool to evaluate dietary patterns, general and feedback messages, and examples of traditional Mediterranean recipes. The usability study showed that volunteers think that SAlBi educa is pleasant (59%) and easy to learn to use (94%). Over 84% of the volunteers declared that the nutritional messages were clear and useful. Volunteers stated that general and tailored recommendations, as well as self-monitoring, were SAlBi educa's most motivating and useful features. SAlBi educa is an innovative, user-friendly nutritional education tool with the potential to engage and help individuals to follow dietary habits based on the Mediterranean model.

Venous thromboembolism in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia under chemotherapy treatment. Risk factors and usefulness of thromboprophylaxis. Results of LAL-SEHOP-PETHEMA-2013.

INTRODUCTION: Symptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE) is diagnosed in 3%-14% of patients during pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) therapy. There are well-known risk factors, but the role of others as inherited thrombophilia is still controversial. Prophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) has been described, but its use is not globally accepted. METHODS: A retrospective multicentric study in ALL patients 1-18 years old following SEHOP-PETHEMA-2013 treatment guideline was performed to evaluate VTE rate, anticoagulant treatment, outcome, risk factors, and safety and usefulness of LMWH administration as primary thromboprophylaxis in children with inherited thrombophilia. RESULTS: A total of 652 patients were included in the study. VTE incidence was 8.7%. Most of the cases occurred during induction therapy associated with central venous catheter. Univariant analysis showed that family history of thrombosis, presence of mediastinal mass, high-risk treatment group, and inherited thrombophilia were statistically significant risk factors. LMWH administration seemed to decrease VTE rate in patients with inherited thrombophilia and those with T-cell ALL phenotype. CONCLUSION: Most of the VTE cases occurred in patients without inherited thrombophilia, but when it is present, the VTE risk is higher. LMWH administration was useful to decrease VTE in these patients.

Estrategia comunitaria municipal «yonomebenzo». Actividades y resultados en el período 2017-2020 / Municipal community strategy

Objetivo: Describir las actividades, el proceso y los resultados de la estrategia comunitaria Yonomebenzo desde 2017 a 2020. Metodología:Monitorización del proceso mediante evaluaciones periódicas para comprobar su impacto y desarrollar las actividades pendientes. Adaptación a la pandemia del coronavirus.Trabajar sobre la factibilidad del proceso a medio y largo plazo mediante el desarrollo de distintas estrategias. Intervención: Escuela del sueño: servicio centrado en personas ancianas ofreciendo alternativas saludables para facilitar el descanso nocturno.Oficina municipal del sueño: espacio abierto a población general sobre hábitos correctos de sueño.Mapeo de activos en salud (localizasalud): desarrollado en coordinación con Comisión de Salud Comunitaria municipal, enmarcado en la estrategia de Promoción de Salud y Prevención del Ministerio de Sanidad.Estrategia municipal de farmacias comunitarias: red voluntaria de 18 farmacias comunitarias. Factibilidad del proceso:A medio plazo: a través de los recursos económicos de ayudas del Ministerio de Sanidad y presupuestos municipales participativos.A largo plazo: municipalización de distintas actividades para financiarlas mediante presupuestos ordinarios. Intervenciones pendientes: Adaptación de actividades al contexto de la pandemia. Evaluación: Monitorización del consumo de benzodiacepinas (BZD) en dosis diaria definida/1.000 habitantes/año (DHD) y su adecuación. Aplicabilidad de la estrategia:Implicarla en contexto comunitario de atención centrada en el paciente, con profesionales de distintos ámbitos, asociaciones municipales y ciudadanía para mejorar el uso de BZD y desmedicalizar procesos cotidianos.Incorporar esta actividad comunitaria como programa municipal.Empoderar la población para controlar su propia salud. (AU)

Objective: Report the activities, process and results obtained from the Yonomebenzo community strategy from 2017 to 2020. Methodology: Follow up has been performed by means of periodic evaluations to verify the impact and develop new and pending activities.Adapting to the coronavirus pandemic.Medium and long-term feasibility has been improved by means of different strategies. Intervention. In addition to the activities performed up until 2016, new activities include:Sleeping school: focused on elderly people, offering healthy tips to improve night rest.Municipal Sleep Support Office: available for the entire population, emphasizes correct sleep hygiene.Health assets mapping (localizasalud): in collaboration with the municipal Community Health Commission, a Health Promotion and Prevention strategy carried out by the Ministry.Community-Pharmacies Municipal Strategy: implying 18 voluntary community pharmacies. Feasibility of the process:Medium term: by means of financial grants from the Ministry and participatory municipal budgets.Long term: municipalization of different activities to finance them by means of ordinary budgets. Interventions pending. Adaptation of activities against the backdrop of the pandemic. Evaluation. Monitoring of benzodiazepine (BZD) consumption as daily defined dose/1000 inhabitants/year (DDD) and its suitability. Application of the strategy:Implicate this into a community context for patient-focused care, with professionals from different areas, municipal associations and citizens to improve the use of BZD and stop treating ordinary processes as medical issues.Incorporate this community activity as a municipal programme.Empower the population to monitors its own health. (AU)

Action mechanisms of small microbial volatile compounds in plants.

Microorganisms communicate with plants by exchanging chemical signals throughout the phytosphere. Before direct contact with plants occurs, beneficial microorganisms emit a plethora of volatile compounds that promote plant growth and photosynthesis as well as developmental, metabolic, transcriptional, and proteomic changes in plants. These compounds can also induce systemic drought tolerance and improve water and nutrient acquisition. Recent studies have shown that this capacity is not restricted to beneficial microbes; it also extends to phytopathogens. Plant responses to microbial volatile compounds have frequently been associated with volatile organic compounds with molecular masses ranging between ~ 45Da and 300Da. However, microorganisms also release a limited number of volatile compounds with molecular masses of less than ~45Da that react with proteins and/or act as signaling molecules. Some of these compounds promote photosynthesis and growth when exogenously applied in low concentrations. Recently, evidence has shown that small volatile compounds are important determinants of plant responses to microbial volatile emissions. However, the regulatory mechanisms involved in these responses remain poorly understood. This review summarizes current knowledge of biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in plant growth, development, and metabolic responses to small microbial volatile compounds.

Examining the immune signatures of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy and the impact on neurodevelopment: Protocol of the SIGNATURE longitudinal study.

The COVID-19 pandemic represents a valuable opportunity to carry out cohort studies that allow us to advance our knowledge on pathophysiological mechanisms of neuropsychiatric diseases. One of these opportunities is the study of the relationships between inflammation, brain development and an increased risk of suffering neuropsychiatric disorders. Based on the hypothesis that neuroinflammation during early stages of life is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and confers a greater risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorders, we propose a cohort study of SARS-CoV-2-infected pregnant women and their newborns. The main objective of SIGNATURE project is to explore how the presence of prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection and other non-infectious stressors generates an abnormal inflammatory activity in the newborn. The cohort of women during the COVID-19 pandemic will be psychological and biological monitored during their pregnancy, delivery, childbirth and postpartum. The biological information of the umbilical cord (foetus blood) and peripheral blood from the mother will be obtained after childbirth. These samples and the clinical characterisation of the cohort of mothers and newborns, are tremendously valuable at this time. This is a protocol report and no analyses have been conducted yet, being currently at, our study is in the recruitment process step. At the time of this publication, we have identified 1,060 SARS-CoV-2 infected mothers and all have already given birth. From the total of identified mothers, we have recruited 537 SARS-COV-2 infected women and all of them have completed the mental health assessment during pregnancy. We have collected biological samples from 119 mothers and babies. Additionally, we have recruited 390 non-infected pregnant women.

Efectos de la Estimulación Acústica Personalizada en Pacientes con Tinnitus / Effects of Personalized Acoustic Stimulation in Patients with Tinnitus

En el mundo se reportan más de 600 millones de personas que experimentan tinnitus. Aproximadamente 20% de las personas con tinnitus subjetivo permanente presentan incomodidad significativa, interviniendo negativamente en su calidad de vida, con inducción de estados depresivos. Existen diferentes estrategias de intervención para el manejo del tinnitus, entre ellas la estimulación acústica. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el impacto de la estimulación acústica pasiva en la severidad del tinnitus y en la calidad de vida de los pacientes con tinnitus subjetivo crónico mediante la Escala Visual Análoga(VAS)y el Inventario de Discapacidad del Tinnitus(THI). Estudio descriptivo de cohorte histórico que incluyó a pacientes >18 años con tinnitus subjetivo crónico que recibieron manejo con estimulación acústica pasiva entre 2017-2018. A los pacientes se les aplicó la VAS y el THI antes, durante y después del tratamiento. Se evidenciaron cambios significativos (p<0,05) entre las medianas en dos de los tres dominios del VAS y en todos los dominios pre y post tratamiento del THI. En las pruebas post hoc se encontraron diferencias (p<0.05) entre las medianas de los puntajes al inicio y a los tres meses y entre los puntajes al inicio y a los seis meses en todos los dominios y en el puntaje total de la escala THI. La estimulación acústica pasiva generó cambios en la discapacidad generada por el tinnitus. Se sugiere complementar los abordajes de tratamiento con estrategias que favorezcan también los mecanismos de memoria, atención y conciencia para aumentar la efectividad de las intervenciones

More than 600 million people worldwide are reported to experience tinnitus. Approximately 20% of people with permanent subjective tinnitus present significant discomfort, interfering negatively in their quality of life, inducing depressive states. There are different intervention strategies for the management of tinnitus, including acoustic stimulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of passive acoustic stimulation on tinnitus severity and quality of life in patients with chronic subjective tinnitus using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Tinnitus Disability Inventory (THI). Descriptive historical cohort study including patients >18 years with chronic subjective tinnitus who received management with passive acoustic stimulation between 2017-2018. Patients were administered VAS and THI before, during and after treatment. Significant changes (p<0.05) between medians were evident in two of the three VAS domains and in all pre ­ and post-treatment domains of THI. In post hoc tests, differences (p<0.05) were found between the medians of scores at baseline and at three months and between scores at baseline and at six months in all of the domains and in the total THI scale score. Passive acoustic stimulation generated changes in tinnitus-generated disability. It is suggested to complement treatment approaches with strategies that also favor memory, attention and awareness mechanisms to increase the effectiveness of the inter ventions